sampling w/o replacement except when replacing

This article is originally published at https://xianblog.wordpress.com

Another Riddle(r), considering a box with M myrtle balls and D dandelion balls. Drawing balls without replacement while they stay of the same color as the initial draw, else put back the last ball and repeat the process until all balls are drawn. The funny thing is that, unless M=0 or D=0, the probability to draw a myrtle ball at the end is always ½..! This can be easily checked by simulation (when M=2 and D=8)

r=function()sample(0:1,1,p=c(d,m))
for(t in 1:1e6){
  m=2;d=8
  i=r();m=m-!!i;d=d-!i
  while(!!m*d){
    j=r();i=ifelse(i==j,j,r())
    m=m-!!i;d=d-!i}
  F=F+(m>0)}
F/1e6

Now the proof that the probability is ½ is quite straightforward, for M=1 (or D=1). But I cannot find a quick fix for larger values. I thus reasoned by recursion, with the probability of emptying a given colour first is d!m!/(d+m)!, whatever the colour and whatever d>0,m>0. Hence half a chance to finish with myrtle. Any shorter sequence of a given colour reduces the value of either d or m, at which point we are using the recursion assumption that the probability is ½…

Thanks for visiting r-craft.org
This article is originally published at https://xianblog.wordpress.com
Please visit source website for post related comments.